Hi Stephan,
Thank you very much for the details, it helped a lot!
I found a culprit, it was a style loader issue, it changed something on the output and was not longer working.
Luckily it was a very easy fix, I just added an exception in the plugin code to exclude all woocommerce ajax related actions, and it fixed the issue.
I will include this fix in the upcoming release as well, so you don’t have to worry about it anymore. It should be okay now.