I just tried on iPhone 15 Pro max as well, same outcome: https://i.imgur.com/BfHU5Ao.png
However I’m seeing very suspiciously cached scripts. They are in a custom blob format, and dome of them defered and delayed as well. If the scripts does not load as defined in the enqueue order exactly, it may explain the issue.
On your asset cache settings I recommend turning off these delayed loading optimizations as well as the removal of inline scripts.