Hi,
Thanks for the details, it helps a lot!
It looks like these criteria are taxonomy temrs, so you can limit them via taxonomy based inclusions.
1. Go to the Advanced -> Exclude Include results option on the search instance settings
2. Then scroll down to Include posts (or cpt, attachments, comments) only from selected categories/taxonomy terms option to include items from specific taxonomy term only
3. If you want to also exclude anything that is not associated with any terms from that same taxonomy then make sure this is turned off
